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The Reichsforschungsrat was created in Germany in 1937 under the Education Ministry for the purpose of centralized planning of all basic and applied research, with the exception of aeronautical research. It was reorganized in 1942 and placed under the Ministry of Armaments. ==Creation== On the initiative of Erich Schumann, the Reichsforschungsrat (RFR, Reich Research Council) was inaugurated on 16 March 1937 by Reich Minister Bernhard Rust of the Reichserziehungsministerium (REM, Reich Education Ministry).〔Document 52: ''Creation of a Research Council'', 16 March 1937 in Hentschel, 1996, 145-145.〕 The RFR was set up to centralize planning for all basic and applied research in Germany, with the exception of aeronautical research, which was under the supervision of Reich Marshal Hermann Göring. General Karl Heinrich Emil Becker,〔General Karl Heinrich Becker is not to be confused with Carl Heinrich Becker, a scholar on Islam, who died in 1933.〕 head of the ''Heereswaffenamt'' (HWA, Army Ordnance Office) and dean and professor in the faculty of defense technology〔Macrakis, 1993, 90-91.〕 at the Technische Hochschule Berlin, was its president (1937 to 1940).〔General Becker committed suicide in the presence of the Gestapo. His suicide was covered up by a state funeral. See Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Carl Becker.〕〔Burghard Ciesla ''Abschied von der „reinen” Wissenschaft: „Wehrtechnik” und Anwendungsforschung in der Preufiischen Akademie nach 1933'' in Die Preußische ''Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1914-1945'' (Akademie Verlag, (2000 )) 483-513.〕 After Becker’s death in 1940, Rust took over as president of the RFR.〔Macrakis, 1993, 91.〕 The vice-president was O. Wacker of the REM. In actuality, the direction of the RFR was carried out by Rudolf Mentzel, the president of the Deutsche Forschungs-Gemeinschaft (DFG, German Scientific Research Association), which, as of 1937, was the new name of the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft (NG, Emergency Association of German Science). Support for research was decided by the heads of 13 special sections of the RFR (Fachspartenleiter).〔Hentschel, 1996, Appendix B; see the entry for RFR.〕 Other members of the Council included:〔Hentschel, 1996, Appendix B; see the entry for RFR. Also see the entries in Appendix F for Diebner, Esau, Gerlach, Osenberg, Scherzer, Schumann, and Thiessen.〕 *Kurt Diebner – Head of the RFR nuclear physics experimental site at Stadtilm in Thuringia and director of the ''Versuchsstelle'' (testing station) of the ''Heereswaffenamt'' (HWA, Army Ordnance Office) in Gottow. *Abraham Esau – Head of the physics division from 1937 to the end of 1943. Plenipotentiary for nuclear physics from December 1942 to 1943, then plenipotentiary for high-frequency physics.〔Dieter Hoffmann ''Between Autonomy and Accommodation: The German Physical Society during the Third Reich'', ''Physics in Perspective'' 7(3) 293-329 (2005) pp. 305.306.〕 *Walther Gerlach – Replaced Abraham Esau as head of the physics division and plenipotentiary for nuclear physics on 1 January 1944. *Werner Osenberg – Head of the planning board in the RFR 29 June 1943 to 1945. He also initiated the recall of approximately 5000 scientists and engineers from active military duty on the front so they could devote their talents to research and development. By the end of the war, the number recalled reached 15,000.〔Macrakis, 1993, 94.〕 *Otto Scherzer – Head of radar finding (1944–1945). *Erich Schumann – Plenipotentiary for the physics of explosives (1942–1945). *Peter Adolf Thiessen – Head of the division of chemistry and organic materials. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reichsforschungsrat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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